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Morocco–Netherlands relations span a period from the 16th century to the present. ==Treaty of Friendship and Free Commerce (1610)== From the end of the 16th century, the Netherlands had been attempting to establish friendly relations with Islamic countries, such as the Ottoman Empire and Morocco, due to their common enmity with Spain.〔(''Poetry, politics and polemics'' by Ed de Moor, Otto Zwartjes, G. J. H. van Gelder p.127 )〕 Some meagre attempts took place under Ahmad al-Mansur until his death in 1603. In April–May 1605, Pieter Marteen Coy returned to Safi in Morocco and Algiers 135 Muslim captives, both Turkish and Moorish, who had been seized by the Dutch in a naval encounter with Spanish galleys. From 1605, Coy became representative of the States General in Marrakesh.〔(''In the lands of the Christians: Arabic travel writing in the seventeenth century'' by Nabil I. Matar p.44 Notes 38-39 )〕 From 1608, the new Moroccan Sultan Mulay Zidan, developed a Treaty of Friendship with the Low Countries, and sent several envoys there, such as Samuel Pallache, Hammu ben Bashir,〔 Muhammad Alguazir, Al-Hajari and Yusuf Biscaino.〔〔(''Romania Arabica'' by Gerard Wiegers p.410 )〕 As a result of these exchanges, the Dutch are known to have sent 3 warships requested by Mulay Zidan.〔〔(''Romania Arabica'' by Gerard Wiegers p.405''ff'' )〕 Philip III of Spain used these military exchanges as one of the justifications for his expulsion of the Moriscos from Spain in 1609.〔 A "Treaty of Friendship and Free Commerce" was signed between the two countries in December 1610, offering "free access and friendly reception for their respective subjects with any need for safeguard or safe-conduct, no matter how they come to the others' territory".〔〔 In 1613, Al-Hajari visited the Dutch Republic, which he could visit freely due to the existence of a Treaty of Friendship. He stayed from June to September.〔 He discussed with the Dutch Prince Maurice of Orange the possibility of an alliance between the Dutch Republic, the Ottoman Empire, Morocco and the Moriscos, against the common enemy Spain.〔(''The mirror of Spain, 1500-1700: the formation of a myth'' by J. N. Hillgarth p.210''ff'' )〕 His book mentions the discussion for a combined offensive on Spain,〔(''In the Lands of the Christians'' by Nabil Matar, p.37 ISBN 0-41-593228-9 )〕 as well as the religious reasons for the good relations between Islam and Protestantism at the time: 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Morocco–Netherlands relations」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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